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Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

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Sulfonate-Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as Anode Interfacial Layers in Inverted Organic Solar Cells.

Elisa Lassi¹, Benedetta Maria Squeo¹, Roberto Sorrentino¹

¹Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "G. Natta "-SCITEC, National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, via Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 5, 2021

Summary

Anionic conjugated polymers with ionic pendant groups (CPEs) function as anode interlayers in organic solar cells. Tailoring the polymer backbone and sulfonate groups improves performance in inverted devices.

Keywords:

anode interfacial layers conjugated polyelectrolytes inverted organic solar cells

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Electronics
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Conjugated polymers with ionic pendant groups (CPEs) are promising solution-processed interfacial materials for organic solar cells (OSCs).
Anionic CPEs have been successfully employed as anode interlayers (AILs) in conventional OSCs with direct geometry.
Developing CPE AILs for inverted OSCs remains a significant research challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and investigate novel anionic CPEs with alkyl-potassium-sulfonate side chains for use as AILs in inverted OSCs.
To understand the structure-property relationships governing the performance of these CPEs as AILs.
To optimize anode modification for enhanced hole selectivity and device efficiency.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of three anionic CPEs with specific side chains.
Fabrication and characterization of P3HT:PC61BM based inverted OSCs utilizing the synthesized CPEs as AILs.
Investigation of the functional behavior and energy-level alignment of the CPEs with the photoactive layer and electrode.

Main Results:

Effective anode modification requires tailored CPE backbones for self-doping and optimal energy-level alignment with the photoactive layer.
Sulfonate moieties enhance solubility in polar solvents and contribute to self-doping.
The sulfonate groups play a crucial role in achieving hole selectivity at the silver electrode interface.

Conclusions:

The designed anionic CPEs show potential as effective AILs for inverted OSCs.
Careful design of the conjugated backbone and ionic side chains is critical for optimizing CPE performance.
These findings advance the development of solution-processed interfacial layers for high-performance organic solar cells.