Device simulation of highly efficient eco-friendly CH₃NH₃SnI₃ perovskite solar cell

Photoexcited lead-free perovskite CH₃NH₃SnI₃ based solar cell device was simulated using a solar cell capacitance simulator. It was modeled to investigate its output characteristics under AM 1.5G illumination. Simulation efforts are focused on the thickness, acceptor concentration and defect density of absorber layer on photovoltaic properties of solar cell device. In addition, the impact of various metal contact work function was also investigated. The simulation results indicate that an absorber thickness of 500 nm is appropriate for a good photovoltaic cell. Oxidation of Sn²⁺ into Sn⁴⁺ was considered and it is found that the reduction of acceptor concentration of absorber layer significantly improves the device performance. Further, optimizing the defect density (10¹⁴ cm^-3) of the perovskite absorber layer, encouraging results of the J_sc of 40.14 mA/cm², V_oc of 0.93 V, FF of 75.78% and PCE of 28.39% were achieved. Finally, an anode material with a high work function is necessary to get the device's better performance. The high-power conversion efficiency opens a new avenue for attaining clean energy.