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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Computed Tomography01:10

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
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Optical coherence tomography angiography in miliary tuberculosis.

Salil Mehta1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Oman Journal of Ophthalmology
|February 5, 2021
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Tuberculosis can affect the eyes, causing choroidal tubercles. This case highlights how optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can detect these ocular manifestations of tuberculosis.

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Oculartuberclestuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health concern.
  • Ocular involvement in TB, while less common, can lead to severe visual impairment.
  • Choroidal tubercles are a specific sign of disseminated TB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical presentation and imaging findings of ocular tuberculosis in a pediatric patient.
  • To evaluate the utility of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in diagnosing choroidal tubercles.

Main Methods:

  • A 14-year-old female with high-grade fever underwent comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluation.
  • Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed pulmonary findings suggestive of TB.
  • Dilated fundus examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed.

Main Results:

  • Sputum studies confirmed *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* infection.
  • Fundus examination showed multiple, deep choroidal lesions (choroidal tubercles).
  • OCTA revealed normal retinal vasculature but demonstrated flow voids in the choriocapillaris, correlating with OCT findings of hyperreflectivity and absent choriocapillaris circulation.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular tuberculosis should be considered in patients with disseminated TB, especially with suggestive funduscopic findings.
  • OCTA is a valuable tool for visualizing microvascular changes in the choroid associated with choroidal tubercles.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of ocular TB are crucial to prevent vision loss.