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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Tire Classification by Elemental Signatures Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.

John Lucchi1,2, Dan Gluck1,3, Sidney Rials2

  • 1National Center for Forensic Science, 6243University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Forensic analysis of tire evidence can now utilize chemical profiles. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy successfully classified tire rubber samples with high accuracy, offering a new forensic tool.

Keywords:
LIBSTireselemental analysislaser-induced breakdown spectroscopytrace evidence

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Tire evidence, often found as skid marks at crime scenes, is crucial trace evidence.
  • Traditional analysis of tire patterns is limited by modern features like anti-lock braking systems.
  • A new method is needed to effectively link tire trace evidence to its source.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of using the chemical profile of tire rubber for forensic identification.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for classifying tire samples.
  • To determine if LIBS can overcome limitations of traditional tire mark analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Elemental profiling of 32 different tire rubber samples was performed using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
  • Data analysis involved principal component analysis (PCA) combined with linear discriminant analysis (LDA).
  • The study focused on classifying samples based on their unique elemental composition.

Main Results:

  • Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy achieved a classification accuracy of nearly 99% for the tire rubber samples.
  • The elemental profiles provided a robust basis for differentiating between various tire types.
  • Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis effectively processed the LIBS data.

Conclusions:

  • The chemical profile of tire rubber, analyzed by LIBS, is a viable method for forensic identification.
  • LIBS offers a powerful and accurate alternative to traditional methods for analyzing tire evidence.
  • This technique significantly enhances the potential of using tire trace material as forensic evidence.