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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
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Nonclassical Spin Transfer Effects in an Antiferromagnet.

Alexander Mitrofanov1, Sergei Urazhdin1

  • 1Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals nonclassical spin transfer effects in quantum Heisenberg spin chains. Quantum interference allows efficient electronic control of antiferromagnets beyond classical limitations.

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum magnetism

Background:

  • Classical models of magnetism struggle to describe spin-transfer effects.
  • Antiferromagnetically coupled quantum Heisenberg spins present unique magnetic behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze spin-transfer effects beyond classical models using quantum simulations.
  • To explore efficient electronic control of antiferromagnets.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating electron scattering by a chain of quantum Heisenberg spins.
  • Analyzing spin-transfer effects and magnetization dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Efficient excitation of dynamical states forbidden by semiclassical symmetries.
  • Generation of multiple magnetic excitation quanta by a single electron.

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  • Quantum interference enables magnetization dynamics exceeding classical transferred magnetic moment.

    • Conclusions:

    • Nonclassical spin transfer offers efficient electronic control of antiferromagnets.
    • Control is governed by energy transfer, not electron spin polarization.
    • Overcomes limitations imposed by classical magnetic constraints.