Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

591
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
591
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

1.3K
Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
1.3K
Reynolds Transport Theorem01:24

Reynolds Transport Theorem

1.6K
The Reynolds transport theorem provides a framework to relate the time rate of change of an extensive property within a system to that in a control volume, which is crucial for analyzing fluid dynamics. Extensive properties, such as mass, velocity, acceleration, temperature, and momentum, can be expressed in terms of the mass of a fluid portion. These properties are called extensive because they depend on the system's size, while intensive properties are their corresponding values per unit...
1.6K
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

519
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
519
Divergence and Stokes' Theorems01:06

Divergence and Stokes' Theorems

3.0K
The divergence and Stokes' theorems are a variation of Green's theorem in a higher dimension. They are also a generalization of the fundamental theorem of calculus. The divergence theorem and Stokes' theorem are in a way similar to each other; The divergence theorem relates to the dot product of a vector, while Stokes' theorem relates to the curl of a vector. Many applications in physics and engineering make use of the divergence and Stokes' theorems, enabling us to write...
3.0K
Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway01:21

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

482
Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
482

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A minimal mechanically consistent model of smoothly dividing disk-shaped cells.

NPJ systems biology and applications·2026
Same author

Self-diffusiophoretic propulsion in wedge confinement: The role of phoretic interactions.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Nonreciprocal Interactions between Condensates in Chemically Active Mixtures.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Anomalous Diffusion in Driven Electrolytes due to Hydrodynamic Fluctuations.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Chiral gliding: Right-handed navigation of filamentous cyanobacteria.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Dynamics of phase-separated interfaces in inhomogeneous and driven mixtures.

Soft matter·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Spectroscopy and Ground-State Transfer of Ultracold Bosonic ^{39}K^{133}Cs Molecules [Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 203401 (2025)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Lifetime of the ^{2}F_{7/2} Level in Yb^{+} for Spontaneous Emission of Electric Octupole Radiation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 213001 (2021)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Laser-Plasma Based Seeded Free Electron Laser in the High-Gain Regime.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Parent Hamiltonians for Stabilizer Quantum Many-Body Scars.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Properties of Heavy Cosmic Nuclei Phosphorus, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, and Calcium: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Role of Spin-Isospin Symmetries in Nuclear β-Decays.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction
10:03

Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction

Published on: October 25, 2012

11.8K

Minimum Dissipation Theorem for Microswimmers.

Babak Nasouri1, Andrej Vilfan1,2, Ramin Golestanian1,3

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study establishes a theorem for microswimmer energy dissipation, defining optimal propulsion strategies. It introduces a new efficiency metric, bounded by unity, for analyzing microswimmer performance.

More Related Videos

Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior
10:07

Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior

Published on: January 31, 2020

6.4K
Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor
07:17

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Published on: August 3, 2018

6.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction
10:03

Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction

Published on: October 25, 2012

11.8K
Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior
10:07

Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior

Published on: January 31, 2020

6.4K
Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor
07:17

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Published on: August 3, 2018

6.2K

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Microswimmer biomechanics
  • Theoretical physics

Background:

  • Understanding energy dissipation is crucial for designing efficient microswimmers.
  • Low Reynolds number hydrodynamics governs microscale locomotion.
  • Existing efficiency metrics can exceed theoretical limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a general theorem for the lower bound on energy dissipation rate for microswimmers.
  • To define an optimal propulsion strategy for minimizing energy loss.
  • To propose a new, physically realistic definition of microswimmer energetic efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of a theoretical lower bound for energy dissipation.
  • Analysis of resistance tensors for passive bodies with different boundary conditions.
  • Calculation of efficiency limits for spheroidal microswimmers.

Main Results:

  • A theorem relating minimum dissipation to resistance tensors of no-slip and perfect-slip bodies.
  • Identification of optimal surface velocity and force density for minimal dissipation.
  • Development of a new energetic efficiency definition bounded by unity.

Conclusions:

  • The derived theorem provides a fundamental limit on microswimmer energy dissipation.
  • The proposed efficiency metric offers a more accurate assessment of microswimmer performance.
  • The findings have implications for the design of advanced micro-robotic systems.