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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a pathogen with unsolved therapeutic problems.

Susanna Esposito1, Alberto Argentiero1, Andrea Gramegna2,3

  • 1Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Effective treatment for macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children remains unclear. Further research is needed to establish optimal therapies and clarify the role of corticosteroids in severe cases.

Keywords:
Atypical bacteriaMcoplasma pneumoniaefluoroquinolonemacrolidemacrolide-resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The optimal diagnosis and treatment for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections are not well-established.
  • Macrolide-resistant (ML) M. pneumoniae infections in children present therapeutic challenges.
  • The epidemiology and role of M. pneumoniae in extra-respiratory manifestations require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pharmacological options for treating macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae infections in children.
  • To discuss the clinical relevance of macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae infections.
  • To evaluate the role of corticosteroids in severe M. pneumoniae cases.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Discussion of pharmacological treatment strategies.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Main Results:

  • The clinical significance of ML resistance in M. pneumoniae is not precisely defined.
  • The necessity of antibiotic use in all cases is debated.
  • The benefit of corticosteroids in severe cases, including those with ML-resistant strains, is uncertain.

Conclusions:

  • Improved M. pneumoniae identification is crucial to minimize antibiotic overuse, particularly with ML-resistant strains.
  • Future studies should prioritize evaluating the benefits of corticosteroids in severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and extra-respiratory M. pneumoniae diseases.