Advances in modelling the human microbiome-gut-brain axis in vitro

Area of Science:

• Microbiome research
• Neuroscience
• Bioengineering

Background:

• The human gut microbiome significantly influences the gut-brain axis, impacting health and disease.
• Animal models, while useful, have limitations in translatability to human systems.
• Advances in 3D cell biology and bioengineering enable more accurate in vitro models.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in in vitro modeling for studying the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
• To highlight the application of these models in host-microbe and host-pathogen interactions.
• To discuss the potential of engineered models for therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing stem cells to create gastrointestinal and brain organoids.
• Employing organs-on-chips technology for advanced tissue modeling.
• Developing bioengineered tissues to mimic in vivo conditions.

Main Results:

• 3D organoids and organs-on-chips offer improved mimicry of native tissue structure and function.
• These models provide promising alternatives to traditional animal studies.
• Engineered models facilitate robust studies of host-microbe and host-pathogen interactions.

Conclusions:

• In vitro models are revolutionizing the study of the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
• These advanced models enhance our understanding of complex biological systems.
• Novel microbiome-based therapeutic approaches can be explored using these technologies.