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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
299
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

295
Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
295
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

320
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
320
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

611
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
611
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

503
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Evaluating Therapeutic Interventions in the SHIP-deficient Mouse Model of Crohn Disease-like Ileitis and Fibrosis
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Subclinical Pulmonary Involvement in Active IBD Responds to Biologic Therapy.

M Ellrichmann1, J Bethge1, J Boesenkoetter1

  • 1Medical Department I, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany.

Journal of Crohn'S & Colitis
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Patients with active inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] experience reduced pulmonary function. Treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] inhibitors improves lung function, suggesting pulmonary obstruction is an overlooked issue in IBD.

Keywords:
IBDbiological therapyextraintestinal manifestation

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], including Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC], is associated with increased respiratory disease mortality.
  • Pulmonary manifestations are considered an underrecognized extraintestinal manifestation of IBD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pulmonary manifestations in IBD patients.
  • To assess the effect of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] inhibitors on pulmonary function tests [PFTs] in IBD.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, longitudinal study included 92 IBD patients [49 CD, 43 UC] and 20 healthy controls.
  • Pulmonary function tests [PFTs] were evaluated using the Medical Research Council [MRC] dyspnoea index and body plethysmography.
  • IBD activity was assessed using disease-specific indices; 22 patients were evaluated before and after initiating anti-TNF therapy.

Main Results:

  • Active IBD patients showed significantly reduced PFTs, specifically forced expiration [Tiffeneau index] values [FEV1%], compared to patients in remission and controls.
  • Anti-TNF therapy led to significant improvement in PFTs [FEV1%], indicating relief of pulmonary obstruction.
  • The degree of pulmonary obstruction correlated with clinical inflammation scores.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with active IBD exhibit significant obstructive abnormalities in PFTs.
  • Pulmonary obstruction in IBD is linked to inflammatory activity and improves with anti-TNF therapy.
  • Pulmonary obstruction represents an overlooked issue in active IBD, potentially masked by gastrointestinal symptoms.