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Related Concept Videos

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Scaffold-supported Transplantation of Islets in the Epididymal Fat Pad of Diabetic Mice
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Protecting islet functional viability using mesenchymal stromal cells.

Ella L Hubber1, Chloe L Rackham2, Peter M Jones1

  • 1Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.

Stem Cells Translational Medicine
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) protect pancreatic islets from stress during type 1 diabetes transplantation. MSCs improve islet survival and function, potentially through mitochondrial transfer, aiding cell-free therapeutic development.

Keywords:
cell transplantationcoculture techniquescytokineshypoxiaislets of Langerhansislets of Langerhans transplantationmesenchymal stromal cells

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Area of Science:

  • * Regenerative Medicine
  • * Cell Biology
  • * Immunology

Background:

  • * Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes, aiming for physiological glucose control.
  • * Current protocols face challenges due to rapid decline in islet viability caused by hypoxia and cytokine stress.
  • * Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show potential in improving islet survival and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review recent studies on MSCs protecting pancreatic islets from hypoxia and cytokine-induced stress.
  • * To elucidate the mechanisms by which MSCs enhance islet functional viability.
  • * To explore MSC-based strategies for improving islet transplantation outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of in vitro studies examining islet responses to hypoxia and inflammatory cytokines.
  • * Analysis of coculture and cotransplantation models involving islets and MSCs.
  • * Investigation of MSC-secreted factors and potential mitochondrial transfer mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • * MSCs protect islets from apoptosis and loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion under hypoxic and cytokine stress.
  • * Protective effects are mediated primarily by secreted factors from MSCs.
  • * MSCs may transfer functional mitochondria to stressed beta cells, supporting their function.

Conclusions:

  • * MSCs offer significant protection to pancreatic islets against common transplantation stressors.
  • * Understanding MSC-mediated protection mechanisms can lead to novel cell-free therapeutic strategies.
  • * MSC secretome-based approaches hold promise for enhancing islet graft function in type 1 diabetes treatment.