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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota01:26

Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota

315
The phylum Bacteroidota includes over 700 species classified into four primary orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales. These gram-negative, non-sporulating rods exhibit saccharolytic capabilities and can be aerobic or fermentative, encompassing obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes, and obligate anaerobes. Many species display gliding motility, though some are nonmotile or use flagella. The genus Bacteroides is well-studied due to its significant role in...
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Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes

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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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Bacterial Phylum Firmicutes01:27

Bacterial Phylum Firmicutes

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Firmicutes is a diverse phylum of Gram-positive bacteria characterized by a low GC content in their genomes. This phylum includes organisms with monoderm or diderm cell envelopes, highlighting a complex evolutionary history. Firmicutes comprises several major orders, including Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, and Bacillales, which exhibit remarkable diversity in their morphology, metabolism, and ecological roles.The order Lactobacillales includes lactic acid bacteria, which are fermentative...
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Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

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Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
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Bacterial Phylum Verrucomicrobiota01:26

Bacterial Phylum Verrucomicrobiota

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The phylum Verrucomicrobiota comprises at least four characterized orders, with most species classified within the order Verrucomicrobiotales. Members of this phylum are either aerobic or facultatively aerobic, with the ability to ferment sugars. A notable exception is the genus Methylacidiphilum, which consists of aerobic methanotrophs. Additionally, some Verrucomicrobiota establish symbiotic relationships with protists. These bacteria are widely distributed across various environments,...
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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An RNA-centric view on gut Bacteroidetes.

Daniel Ryan1, Gianluca Prezza1, Alexander J Westermann1,2

  • 1Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/D15, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany.

Biological Chemistry
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights RNA-based regulatory mechanisms in Bacteroidetes, particularly the gut bacterium Bacteroides. It emphasizes the need for more research into these noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in anaerobic bacteria.

Keywords:
BacteroidesCRISPR-CasGibSmicrobiotanoncoding RNAsmall RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bacterial noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial for cellular functions and adaptation.
  • Current RNA biology knowledge is heavily biased towards aerobic bacteria, neglecting anaerobic species.
  • Medically relevant anaerobic bacteria, especially gut commensals like Bacteroides, are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a guide to RNA-based regulatory mechanisms in the phylum Bacteroidetes.
  • To focus on the abundant human gut genus Bacteroides and its ncRNAs.
  • To identify research gaps and suggest tools for advancing Bacteroidetes RNA research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on riboswitches, mRNA leaders, and small RNAs (sRNAs) in Bacteroides.
  • Survey of CRISPR-Cas systems within the Bacteroidetes phylum.
  • Presentation of new findings suggesting hundreds of ncRNA candidates in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.

Main Results:

  • Bacteroides utilize diverse ncRNAs, including riboswitches, mRNA leaders, cis- and trans-encoded sRNAs, and CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • Hundreds of potential ncRNAs have been identified in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
  • Mechanistic and functional comparisons between Bacteroides ncRNAs and those from other models are proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Significant potential for novel RNA-based regulatory mechanisms exists in Bacteroidetes.
  • Further research is essential to understand the roles of these ncRNAs in gut microbiota function.
  • Development of new tools is needed to fully explore Bacteroidetes RNA biology.