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Red Algae

Red Algae

Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...

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Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharide-Cu₂O Complexes: Characterization and Bioactivity.

Nofar Yehuda¹, Yury Turkulets², Ilan Shalish²

¹Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|February 5, 2021

Summary

This study explores a novel copper oxide (Cu₂O)-polysaccharide complex derived from red microalgae. The complex shows significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, attributed to unique surface structures, suggesting biotechnological potential.

Keywords:

Antibacterial activity Antibiofilm activity Cu2O Porphyridium sp.Red microalgae Sulfated polysaccharide

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Area of Science:

Marine biotechnology
Biomaterials science
Microbiology

Background:

Algal polysaccharides possess anion-exchange properties useful for metal complexation.
Developing novel bioactive materials from natural resources is a key area in biotechnology.
Copper oxide nanoparticles exhibit antimicrobial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a novel copper oxide (Cu₂O)-polysaccharide complex.
To evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the synthesized complex.
To investigate the structural features responsible for the observed bioactivities.

Main Methods:

Complexation of Cu₂O with sulfated polysaccharide from *Porphyridium* sp.
Chemical, rheological, and atomic force microscopy characterization.
Antimicrobial assays against bacteria (*A. baumannii*, *P. aeruginosa*, *E. coli*, *S. aureus*, *B. subtilis*) and fungi (*C. albicans*).
Antibiofilm assays against *P. aeruginosa* and *C. albicans*.

Main Results:

The Cu₂O-polysaccharide complex demonstrated covalent copper binding and enhanced viscosity and conductivity.
The complex exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, particularly against *Candida albicans* (92% growth inhibition).
Antibiofilm activity was observed against *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* and *Candida albicans*.
Atomic force microscopy revealed unique needle-like surface structures (spikes) on the complex.

Conclusions:

The Cu₂O-polysaccharide complex is a novel bioactive material with potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties.
The observed bioactivities are likely mediated by the unique spike-like surface structures on the complex.
This material holds promise for diverse biotechnological applications, warranting further investigation.