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Proton pump inhibitors and mandibular bone quality: A preliminary study.

Aykağan Coşgunarslan1, Emin Murat Canger2, Damla Soydan Çabuk3

  • 1Niğde Oral and Dental Health Center, Niğde, Turkey.

Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may cause bone changes in the mandible, particularly around the mental foramen. This study used fractal analysis and morphometric indices to detect these effects in PPI users compared to a control group.

Keywords:
FractalsMandibleProton Pump InhibitorsRadiography, DentalRadiography, Panoramic

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Radiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed for acid-related disorders.
  • PPIs can negatively impact bone health by affecting vitamin and mineral absorption.
  • Mandibular bone changes are a potential adverse effect of long-term PPI use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential PPI-induced bone alterations in the mandible.
  • To utilize fractal analysis and panoramic morphometric indices for assessment.
  • To compare bone structure in PPI users versus a control group.

Main Methods:

  • Panoramic radiographs of 402 patients (201 PPI users, 201 controls) were analyzed.
  • Fractal analysis was applied to four specific mandibular regions of interest (ROI).
  • Panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), and Klemetti index (KI) were measured.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in ROI3 (mental foramen region), MCW, and KI were observed between PPI users and controls (p < 0.05).
  • No significant differences were found in ROI1, ROI2, ROI4, or PMI.
  • Males showed more severe effects than females.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoporotic changes in trabecular and cortical bone were detected in the mental foramen region of PPI users.
  • Fractal analysis and morphometric indices identified these changes.
  • No significant differences were noted in the mandibular ramus or angulus regions.