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Nociception01:44

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

An Improved Assay and Tools for Measuring Mechanical Nociception in Drosophila Larvae
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HEME: a neglected player in nociception?

Deborah Chiabrando1, Veronica Fiorito1, Sara Petrillo1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Heme metabolism influences pain perception and is linked to pain insensitivity and various pain conditions. Understanding these heme-regulated pathways offers new avenues for pain management strategies.

Keywords:
FLVCR1FLVCR1aHemeNociceptionPainSensory neurons

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Current pain management remains challenging despite advances in understanding pain pathophysiology.
  • Novel pathways for pain insensitivity offer new insights into pain mechanisms.
  • Heme metabolism is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of nociception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms linking heme metabolism to pain pathways.
  • To explore heme's role in sensory neuron function and pain sensitization.
  • To examine heme's connection to pain comorbidities like anxiety and depression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on heme metabolism and nociception.
  • Analysis of research on heme's impact on sensory neurons.
  • Synthesis of data concerning heme, pain, and associated conditions.

Main Results:

  • Alterations in heme metabolism are associated with pain insensitivity, acute, and chronic pain.
  • Heme metabolism affects sensory neuron maintenance and sensitization.
  • Heme-related processes are implicated in pain comorbidities such as anxiety and depression.

Conclusions:

  • Heme metabolism plays a critical role in regulating nociception.
  • Further research into heme-regulated pathways can reveal novel therapeutic targets for pain.
  • Understanding the molecular link between heme and pain is crucial for improving pain management.