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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

474
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
474

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A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
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Optical brain imaging and its application to neurofeedback.

Surjo R Soekadar1, Simon H Kohl2, Masahito Mihara3

  • 1Clinical Neurotechnology Laboratory, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neuroscience Research Center, Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charité - University Medicine of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Neuroimage. Clinical
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers portable, real-time brain imaging for neurometabolic and neurovascular activity assessment. This technology is advancing neurofeedback and brain-computer interfaces (BCI) for clinical and everyday applications.

Keywords:
Brain-computer interfaceCerebral blood flowClinical translationFunctional near-infrared spectroscopyNeurofeedbackNeuropsychiatric disordersNeurovascular couplingOptical brain imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Traditional brain imaging methods like MRI are often limited by size and accessibility.
  • Non-ionizing electromagnetic or optical radiation offers new avenues for real-time brain assessment.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a key technology in this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of real-time optical brain imaging.
  • To highlight the clinical applications of fNIRS, particularly in neurofeedback and brain-computer interfaces (BCI).
  • To discuss challenges and novel approaches in optical neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on real-time optical brain imaging techniques.
  • Emphasis on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) principles and applications.
  • Exploration of multimodal approaches combining optical imaging with electro- or magnetoencephalography.

Main Results:

  • fNIRS enables continuous in vivo assessment of regional neurometabolic and neurovascular activity.
  • fNIRS is portable, allowing for bedside and everyday life applications, aiding communication and movement restoration.
  • Novel combinations of fNIRS with other modalities show promise for neuroergonomics and neuroadaptive systems.

Conclusions:

  • Real-time optical brain imaging, especially fNIRS, presents significant potential for clinical neurofeedback and BCI.
  • Addressing current clinical challenges is crucial for broader adoption.
  • Multimodal approaches enhance the capabilities of optical neuroimaging for advanced applications.