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Oncolytic Virotherapy in Solid Tumors: The Challenges and Achievements

Ke-Tao Jin1, Wen-Lin Du2,3, Yu-Yao Liu1

  • 1Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China.

Cancers
|February 6, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) uses oncolytic viruses (OVs) to treat cancer by modifying the tumor microenvironment (TME). This approach enhances antitumor immune responses and synergizes with other immunotherapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy
  • Cancer immunotherapy
  • Tumor microenvironment (TME) manipulation

Background:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising cancer treatment utilizing oncolytic viruses (OVs).
  • OVs offer a tumor antigen-independent immunotherapy approach with high potential for genetic modification.
  • Key manipulation areas include enhancing efficacy, incorporating immunostimulatory elements, and optimizing delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of OVs on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and antitumor immune responses.
  • To discuss challenges in OVT, such as moderate efficiency, safety, and delivery.
  • To highlight recent advancements in overcoming these challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on OVs, TME interactions, and antitumor immunity.
  • Analysis of current research on OV manipulation strategies.
  • Discussion of OVT challenges and recent achievements.

Main Results:

  • OVs can be genetically modified to improve efficacy and safety.
  • OVs can convert the immunosuppressive TME into an inflammatory TME.
  • OVT synergizes with other immunotherapies like immune-checkpoint blockers and adoptive cell therapy.

Conclusions:

  • OVT shows significant potential in cancer immunotherapy by modulating the TME and immune response.
  • Addressing challenges in efficiency, safety, and delivery is crucial for OVT advancement.
  • Further research into OV-TME interactions will optimize OVT efficacy and minimize adverse events.
Keywords:
antitumor immune responsedeliverygenetic modificationoncolytic virustumor microenvironment

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