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Related Concept Videos

Distributed Loads01:19

Distributed Loads

781
Distributed loads are a common type of load that engineers and scientists encounter in various practical situations. Distributed loads often refer to a type of load spread over a surface or a structure and can be modeled as continuous force per unit area.
For example, consider a bookshelf filled with books stacked vertically adjacent to each other. The weight of the books is evenly distributed over the length of the shelf. As a result, the pressure at different locations on the surface of the...
781
Distributed Loads: Problem Solving01:21

Distributed Loads: Problem Solving

910
Beams are structural elements commonly employed in engineering applications requiring different load-carrying capacities. The first step in analyzing a beam under a distributed load is to simplify the problem by dividing the load into smaller regions, which allows one to consider each region separately and calculate the magnitude of the equivalent resultant load acting on each portion of the beam. The magnitude of the equivalent resultant load for each region can be determined by calculating...
910
Cable Subjected to a Distributed Load01:24

Cable Subjected to a Distributed Load

942
The analysis of suspension bridges is a complex and critical process that involves multiple factors, including the shape and tension of the main cables. The main cables of suspension bridges are subjected to distributed loads, which result in changes in tensile forces and deformation of the cable. These loads must be carefully considered to ensure that the bridge is safe and capable of supporting the weight of different loads.
942
Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability01:23

Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability

283
The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
283
Load-frequency control01:28

Load-frequency control

336
Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
336
Relation Between the Distributed Load and Shear01:23

Relation Between the Distributed Load and Shear

942
Understanding the relationship between the distributed load and shear force in structural analysis is crucial for analyzing beams subjected to various loading conditions. Consider the case of a beam experiencing a distributed load, two concentrated loads, and a couple moment.
942

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Related Experiment Video

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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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An Intelligent Load Control-Based Random Access Scheme for Space-Based Internet of Things.

Changjiang Fei1, Bin Jiang1, Kun Xu1

  • 1College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan 430010, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces Load Control-based Three-Replica Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted ALOHA (LC-CRDSA3) for space-based Internet of Things (S-IoT). LC-CRDSA3 enhances throughput in dynamic S-IoT environments by intelligently controlling network load.

Keywords:
Internet of Thingsartificial neural networksrandom accessspace-based Internet of Thingssupport vector machines

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Area of Science:

  • * Wireless communication and networking
  • * Space-based Internet of Things (S-IoT) systems
  • * Multiple access schemes

Background:

  • * Random access schemes are crucial for S-IoT due to massive connectivity and grant-free transmission needs.
  • * Existing schemes suffer from sharp throughput degradation under high or dynamic network loads, common in S-IoT.
  • * Variable satellite coverage and bursty traffic exacerbate load sensitivity, reducing actual S-IoT throughput below theoretical limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To propose an intelligent load control mechanism for random access in S-IoT.
  • * To enhance the Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted ALOHA (CRDSA) scheme for S-IoT environments.
  • * To improve overall network throughput and efficiency in dynamic S-IoT networks.

Main Methods:

  • * Development of Load Control-based Three-Replica Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted ALOHA (LC-CRDSA3), extending CRDSA with three replicas.
  • * Implementation of a Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE)-based algorithm for accurate frame load estimation.
  • * Integration of computational intelligence-based time series forecasting for predictive load management.

Main Results:

  • * LC-CRDSA3 actively manages network load to remain near a critical value, preventing throughput collapse.
  • * The MLE-based load estimation effectively utilizes time slot status for accurate load assessment.
  • * Time series forecasting enables prediction of future network loads for proactive control.
  • * Simulations show LC-CRDSA3 achieves throughput close to the theoretical maximum in dynamic S-IoT scenarios, outperforming CRDSA++.

Conclusions:

  • * LC-CRDSA3 provides an effective solution for maintaining high throughput in S-IoT networks with dynamic load conditions.
  • * Intelligent load control, enabled by MLE and time series forecasting, is key to overcoming limitations of traditional random access schemes in S-IoT.
  • * The proposed scheme offers a robust and efficient multiple access solution for future S-IoT applications.