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Does Hydration Status Influence Executive Function? A Systematic Review.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review found mixed effects of hydration status on executive functions like working memory and attention. Improving hydration may benefit cognitive performance, but more consistent research is needed.

Keywords:
Cognitive functionDehydrationExecutive functionFluidsHydration

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Physiology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive functions, including executive functions (EF), are linked to healthy lifestyle adherence.
  • Dehydration impairs cognitive function, while improved hydration may enhance inhibitory and attentional control.
  • No systematic reviews have comprehensively examined the effects of both dehydration and euhydration on EF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review studies on hydration status and executive function (EF) in adults.
  • To identify gaps and future research needs in this area.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review adhering to PRISMA-P guidelines.
  • Searched multiple databases (PubMed, Medline, Psyc Info, SCOPUS, Proquest, Web of Science) updated through April 2020.
  • Included studies on healthy/diseased adults (>18 years) assessing EF outcomes, excluding those with fluid balance impacting diseases.

Main Results:

  • 33 studies with 3,636 participants were included.
  • Findings on EF effects were inconsistent; about half showed neutral/unclear effects, while the other half indicated impacts on working memory, inhibitory control, and attention.
  • Studies involving euhydration were more likely to show improvements in EF.

Conclusions:

  • A significant need exists for standardized methodologies in dehydration and euhydration research concerning EF.
  • More long-term studies (>3 days) are required to understand the relationship between hydration status and executive function.