Regional plasma catecholamine removal and release at rest and exercise in dogs

Dynamics of circulating catecholamines (CA) were studied at rest (heart rate = 104 +/- 3 beats/min) and during mild treadmill exercise (heart rate = 168 +/- 5 beats/min) in 60 dogs. Plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) removal from circulation and release into circulation were estimated from plasma CA arteriovenous differences across the regional vascular beds studied (pulmonary, myocardial, hepatosplanchnic, renal, and skeletal muscle vascular beds) and from regional blood flows. Regional plasma E fractional extraction (PEFE) was used as an index of NE removal from plasma. Arterial plasma CA increased significantly from rest to exercise (P less than 0.05). A significant PEFE was observed at rest and exercise across all studied vascular beds but the pulmonary bed. When plasma flow was taken into account, the largest contributors to plasma CA removal were the hepatosplanchnic vascular bed at rest and skeletal muscle vascular beds during exercise. At rest, the hepatosplanchnic vascular bed was a major contributor to the plasma NE pool. During exercise, main contributors to NE release into plasma were skeletal muscle vascular beds. Circulating CA kinetics did not appear to vary from rest to exercise. Clearance and apparent distribution space were estimated to be, respectively, 1.5 l/min and 2 liters for circulating E and 2 l/min and 5 liters for NE at rest and exercise. Circulating E and NE half times were estimated to be approximately 1 and 1.8 min, respectively.