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Related Concept Videos

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
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Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
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Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modeling of bone marrow through trabecular bone structure under compression.

A A R Rabiatul1, S J Fatihhi2, Amir Putra Md Saad1,3

  • 1Medical Device Technology Center (MEDiTEC), Institute Human Centred Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
|February 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Trabecular bone orientation significantly impacts fluid flow and mechanical signals. Transverse orientation restricts flow, while longitudinal orientation may promote bone health by influencing marrow cell response through shear stress.

Keywords:
Bone marrowCompressive loadingFSINumerical analysisTrabecular bone

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Trabecular bone properties are crucial for skeletal health and mechanical integrity.
  • Understanding fluid flow and mechanical stresses within the trabecular bone matrix is essential for predicting bone adaptation and disease.
  • Previous studies have explored trabecular bone mechanics, but the influence of orientation on fluid-structure interaction (FSI) requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fluid characteristics and mechanical properties of trabecular bone using a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach.
  • To analyze the effects of different trabecular bone orientations (longitudinal and transverse) on shear stress, permeability, stiffness, and stress.
  • To elucidate the relationship between porosity, surface area, permeability, and shear stress in varying trabecular bone architectures.

Main Methods:

  • Developed sixteen fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models of trabecular bone cubes (27 mm³).
  • Simulated fluid flow and mechanical responses under both longitudinal and transverse trabecular bone orientations.
  • Quantified permeability, shear stress, stiffness, and stress distribution within the trabecular structures.

Main Results:

  • A moderate correlation was observed between permeability, porosity, and surface area across both orientations.
  • Permeability was significantly higher in the longitudinal orientation (3.66 × 10⁻⁸ to 1.9 × 10⁻⁷) compared to the transverse orientation (5.95 × 10⁻¹⁰ to 1.78 × 10⁻⁸).
  • Shear stress was higher in the transverse orientation (0.04 to 3.1 Pa) than in the longitudinal orientation (0.05 to 1.8 Pa), limiting fluid flow.

Conclusions:

  • Transverse trabecular bone orientation impedes fluid flow due to increased shear stress, while longitudinal orientation facilitates higher permeability within a range conducive to bone cell response.
  • Shear stress increases with bone surface area and is a critical mechanical signal for bone anabolism in marrow cells.
  • Trabecular bone orientation plays a vital role in modulating mechanical signals for bone adaptation and maintenance.