Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

105.6K
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
105.6K
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

8.6K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
8.6K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

6.3K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
6.3K
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

6.6K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.6K
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

9.1K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
9.1K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

4.2K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mathematical modeling of <i>JAK2V617F</i> clonal expansion in a general population cohort.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Changes in serum TSH across the adult lifespan: 22-year follow-up of the HUNT Study.

European journal of endocrinology·2026
Same author

Combined periodontitis GWAS identifies LINC01541 as a regulator of innate immunity in the oral mucosa.

Human molecular genetics·2026
Same author

Determinants of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles across populations.

BMC medicine·2026
Same author

Tocilizumab in Active, Moderate-to-Severe, Glucocorticoid-Resistant Thyroid Eye Disease: An Open-Label Prospective Study in Two Independent Cohorts.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same author

DNA methylation signatures of bilateral hippocampal volume, asymmetry and atrophy: a cross-omics analysis in the general population.

EBioMedicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
06:24

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

1.1K

Thyroid function, sex hormones and sexual function: a Mendelian randomization study.

Alisa D Kjaergaard1, Eirini Marouli2, Areti Papadopoulou2,3

  • 1Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, Aarhus, Denmark. alisa.kjaergaard@auh.rm.dk.

European Journal of Epidemiology
|February 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid function influences sex hormones like testosterone and SHBG, but does not impact sexual function. Genetic analysis revealed causal links between thyroid status and sex hormone levels.

Keywords:
Erectile dysfunctionMendelian randomizationReproductive lifespanSHBGTestosteroneThyroid function

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.1K
Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
11:51

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Published on: March 2, 2011

15.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
06:24

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

1.1K
Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.1K
Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
11:51

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Published on: March 2, 2011

15.4K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism) is linked to sex hormone alterations and sexual dysfunction.
  • The causal relationship between thyroid function and sex hormones/sexual function remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal associations between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, sex hormones, and sexual function.
  • Utilize Mendelian randomization (MR) and genetic risk score (GRS) analyses to explore these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Employed two-sample MR and GRS analyses using large-scale genome-wide association study data.
  • Examined associations between genetically predicted thyroid function and sex hormones (SHBG, testosterone, estradiol, FAI) and sexual function outcomes in UK Biobank and ReproGen cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Increased TSH levels were causally associated with lower SHBG and testosterone.
  • Genetic predisposition to hypothyroidism correlated with decreased SHBG and testosterone, while hyperthyroidism correlated with increased levels of both.
  • fT4 genetic predisposition showed associations with increased testosterone and estradiol in women.
  • TSH and hypothyroidism genetic predisposition linked to increased FAI in men, while hyperthyroidism linked to decreased FAI.

Conclusions:

  • Genetically predicted thyroid function is causally associated with variations in sex hormone concentrations.
  • Despite associations with sex hormones, genetically predicted thyroid function did not show a causal link to sexual function in this study.