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Polymalate (PMA) biosynthesis and its molecular regulation in Aureobasidium spp

Cong-Yan Qi1, Shu-Lei Jia1, Guang-Lei Liu2

  • 1College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|February 6, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Aureobasidium spp. can produce high yields of polymalate (PMA), a biopolymer with diverse industrial applications. Its biosynthesis involves malate polymerization regulated by specific transcription factors.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Microbial biochemistry

Background:

  • Aureobasidium spp. are known producers of polymalate (PMA), achieving over 30.0 g/L.
  • PMA has significant potential in biomaterial, medical, and food industries.
  • Substrates for PMA biosynthesis include various sugars and agricultural waste.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the biosynthesis pathway of polymalate (PMA).
  • To identify key enzymes and regulatory factors involved in PMA production.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the role of PMA synthetase (a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase) in malate polymerization.
  • Analyzed the regulation of PMA biosynthesis by transcription factors Crz1, Gat1, and NsdD.

Main Results:

  • Malate, derived from central metabolic pathways, is the sole monomer for PMA.
  • PMA synthetase, with its characteristic domains, catalyzes the ester bond formation for polymerization.
  • PMA production is transcriptionally controlled by Crz1, Gat1, and NsdD.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PMA biosynthesis provides a foundation for optimizing its production.
  • The identified regulatory mechanisms offer targets for metabolic engineering of Aureobasidium spp.
  • PMA holds promise for various biotechnological applications due to its versatile properties.
Keywords:
Aureobasidium spp.MalatePMA synthetase, regulationPolymalate biosynthesis

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