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Effect of inhalation on oropharynx collapse via flow visualisation
Omid Bafkar1, Gary Rosengarten2, Milan J Patel2
1School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Australia; Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Manufacturing, Clayton Victoria 3168, Melbourne, Australia.
Journal of Biomechanics
|February 6, 2021
Summary
Breathing during sleep causes negative pressure in the pharynx, leading to airway narrowing in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Nasal breathing significantly impacts this collapse, informing better treatment designs.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Fluid Dynamics
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) affects millions globally.
- Current understanding of pharyngeal airflow dynamics in OSA is limited.
- Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has shown promise in analyzing airway collapse.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of breathing on pharyngeal airflow and airway collapse in severe OSA.
- To combine experimental and numerical methods for a comprehensive analysis.
- To identify factors influencing pharyngeal narrowing during inhalation.
Main Methods:
- Construction of two 3D experimental models of the upper airway from patient CT scans.
- Flow visualization using a transparent, rigid model.
- Semi-flexible model to study flow-induced pharyngeal collapse.
- Validated CFD simulations to analyze the flow field.
Main Results:
- Negative pressure generated by vortices during inhalation causes significant pharyngeal narrowing.
- The degree of narrowing is highly dependent on whether inhalation occurs through the nostrils.
- Experimental and simulation results were validated.
Conclusions:
- Breathing mechanics significantly influence pharyngeal collapse in OSA patients.
- Nasal breathing plays a critical role in modulating airway narrowing.
- This research can enhance the design of personalized mandibular advancement splints (MAS) for improved OSA treatment.
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