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Evolution of thyroid hormone distributor proteins in fish.

Kiyoshi Yamauchi1

  • 1Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.

General and Comparative Endocrinology
|February 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone distribution proteins (THDPs) in fish show variable evolution, differing from tetrapods. Plasma lipoproteins become more important THDPs in fish, with zinc aiding early transthyretin (TTR) evolution.

Keywords:
AlbuminEvolutionFishLipoproteinThyroid hormoneTransthyretin

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative genomics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones (TH) are crucial for vertebrate development and metabolism.
  • TH circulate in plasma bound to thyroid hormone distributor proteins (THDPs), forming a critical delivery network.
  • Tetrapod THDP evolution is well-studied, but fish THDP data is vital for a complete vertebrate evolutionary picture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review phylogenetic distributions, expression patterns, and binding properties of fish THDPs.
  • To assess if tetrapod-derived evolutionary hypotheses for THDPs apply to fish.
  • To explore the role of THDPs in the broader vertebrate thyroid system.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of THDPs across fish groups.
  • Review of spatiotemporal expression data for fish THDPs.
  • Analysis of THDP binding properties in fish.

Main Results:

  • THDP phylogenetic distributions are highly variable among fish.
  • Evolutionary hypotheses from tetrapods do not directly apply to fish THDPs.
  • Plasma lipoproteins gain significance as THDPs in various fish groups.
  • Zinc plays a key role in early transthyretin (TTR) evolution and TH binding in primitive fish.

Conclusions:

  • Fish THDP evolution diverges significantly from tetrapods.
  • The role of lipoproteins as THDPs is more prominent in fish.
  • Understanding fish THDPs provides critical insights into vertebrate thyroid system evolution.