Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

202
Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
202
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

519
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
519
Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

216
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
216
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

212.8K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
212.8K
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

1.1K
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
1.1K
Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

1.6K
When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Linking Drinking Water Violations to Public Health: A Statewide Analysis of Emergency Department Visits for Waterborne Diseases.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Placement of sand and granular activated carbon in hydraulic fractures for contaminant remediation in low-permeability formations.

Journal of contaminant hydrology·2026
Same author

Evaluating Copper-Modified Carbon Composite Nanofiber Electrodes for Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction.

ACS applied engineering materials·2026
Same author

Modeling the Migration and Growth of Shewanella Oneidensis MR-1 in a Diffusion-Dominated Microfluidic Gradient Chamber Under the Influence of an Antibiotic Concentration Gradient.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2025
Same author

New Insights into Calcite Dissolution Mechanisms under Water, Proton, or Carbonic Acid-Dominated Conditions.

Environmental science & technology·2024
Same author

Tuning the Selectivity of Nitrate Reduction via Fine Composition Control of RuPdNP Catalysts.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

25.8K

Using MODFLOW and RT3D to simulate diffusion and reaction without discretizing low permeability zones.

Somayeh G Esfahani1, Albert J Valocchi2, Charles J Werth1

  • 1Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States.

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology
|February 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new numerical modeling approach simplifies simulating groundwater pollutant back diffusion from low permeability zones (LPZs). This method enhances computational efficiency for managing contaminated sites by avoiding fine grid discretization of LPZs.

Keywords:
Back diffusionLow permeable zoneMODFLOWMass transferNumerical modelRT3D

More Related Videos

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

8.9K
Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation
09:49

Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation

Published on: November 18, 2015

12.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 18, 2025

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

25.8K
The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

8.9K
Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation
09:49

Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation

Published on: November 18, 2015

12.5K

Area of Science:

  • Hydrogeology
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Low permeability zones (LPZs) are significant sources of persistent groundwater contamination.
  • Back diffusion from LPZs to high permeability zones (HPZs) prolongs site management for decades.
  • Accurate simulation of back diffusion requires computationally intensive fine grid discretization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a computationally efficient method for modeling pollutant back diffusion from LPZs.
  • To integrate this method into the widely used MODFLOW/RT3D modeling framework.
  • To reduce the computational burden associated with simulating long-term groundwater contamination from LPZs.

Main Methods:

  • LPZs are treated as impermeable in MODFLOW and as immobile zones coupled with a mobile interface zone in RT3D.
  • Finite volume discretization models diffusion and reaction as mass transfer among immobile species.
  • The approach is tested on various LPZ geometries (layer, thin/thick lens, multiple lenses) for tracer and reactive scenarios.

Main Results:

  • The new approach significantly reduces the number of required grid cells compared to traditional methods.
  • This reduction in discretization leads to potential improvements in computational efficiency.
  • The method is validated for different LPZ configurations and contaminant types (tracer, reactive).

Conclusions:

  • The developed MODFLOW/RT3D approach offers a computationally efficient alternative for modeling pollutant back diffusion from LPZs.
  • This method can aid in more effective site management and cleanup time estimation for contaminated groundwater sites.
  • The approach successfully simulates back diffusion across various hydrogeological scenarios involving LPZs.