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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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New closed-loop insulin systems.

Charlotte K Boughton1, Roman Hovorka2

  • 1Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Diabetologia
|February 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Automated closed-loop insulin systems are transforming type 1 diabetes management. This review covers current and emerging systems, focusing on glucose control, quality of life, and future enhancements for better diabetes care.

Keywords:
Artificial pancreasAutomated insulin deliveryHybrid closed-loopReviewType 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetes Technology

Background:

  • Diabetes technology has advanced, leading to automated closed-loop insulin delivery systems.
  • Hybrid closed-loop systems are transitioning from research to clinical practice, impacting type 1 diabetes management.
  • These systems are increasingly used for both children and adults with type 1 diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on glucose control and quality of life with current and developing closed-loop systems.
  • To discuss dual-hormone and 'do-it-yourself' closed-loop systems.
  • To identify challenges and future directions for closed-loop system adoption and enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of evidence supporting closed-loop systems.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes (glucose control, quality of life).
  • Consideration of system development, including dual-hormone and DIY approaches.

Main Results:

  • Commercialized hybrid closed-loop systems are transforming type 1 diabetes management.
  • Evidence supports improved glucose control and quality of life with these systems.
  • Ongoing development includes dual-hormone and DIY systems, with varying levels of evidence.

Conclusions:

  • Closed-loop systems offer significant benefits for type 1 diabetes management.
  • Clinical adoption requires addressing training and system limitations.
  • Future enhancements are crucial to further improve outcomes and reduce the burden of diabetes.