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Related Concept Videos

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

A Stainless Protocol for High Quality RNA Isolation from Laser Capture Microdissected Purkinje Cells in the Human Post-Mortem Cerebellum
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[Research Progress on Estimation of Postmortem Interval Using mRNA and ncRNA].

Y H Lü1,2, Z Q Wang1,2, Y J Chen2

  • 1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.

Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi
|February 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Estimating the time of death (postmortem interval) is challenging. Recent research explores using RNA variations to improve accuracy, offering new forensic pathology methods.

Keywords:
forensic pathology; estimation of postmortem interval; messenger RNA （mRNA）; non-coding RNA （ncRNA）; review

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Obtaining High Quality RNA from Single Cell Populations in Human Postmortem Brain Tissue
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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Pathology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Postmortem interval (PMI) estimation is crucial in forensic science but remains a significant challenge.
  • Traditional methods for PMI estimation have limitations in accuracy and applicability.
  • Recent advancements focus on molecular markers for more precise time-of-death determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the application of RNA-based methods for postmortem interval estimation.
  • To discuss the current challenges and future directions in RNA-based PMI determination.
  • To provide a technical reference for forensic pathology practice and research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies utilizing messenger RNA (mRNA) for PMI estimation.
  • Analysis of research on non-coding RNA (ncRNA) applications in determining time since death.
  • Synthesis of findings from various global research groups.

Main Results:

  • Messenger RNA and non-coding RNA exhibit specific variation patterns after death that correlate with PMI.
  • RNA-based methods show promise for improving the accuracy of postmortem interval estimation.
  • Different RNA types and analysis techniques offer varied potential for PMI determination.

Conclusions:

  • RNA-specific variation patterns provide a viable molecular approach for postmortem interval estimation.
  • Further research is needed to address existing challenges and refine RNA-based forensic techniques.
  • This review offers insights into the development and application of RNA markers in forensic pathology.