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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine-related complications in children in Oman

Badria Al Waili1, Nasra Al Mufarajii1, Samiyah Al Hashmi1

  • 1From the Department of Pediatrics, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.

Annals of Saudi Medicine
|February 8, 2021
PubMed

Insights

BCG vaccine complications, including severe disseminated infections, are seen in Omani children, particularly those with primary immune deficiencies. Delaying the BCG vaccine may reduce these severe outcomes in at-risk infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine complications occur in Omani children.
  • Limited regional data exists on BCG complications, with no studies from Oman.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the spectrum of BCG vaccine-related complications in Omani children.
  • To assess the immune status of children experiencing BCG complications.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at a referral tertiary hospital.
  • Reviewed hospital records of 226 children under 13 with BCG complications from 2006-2018.
  • Analyzed clinical characteristics, treatment, immune workup, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The most common complication was isolated BCG lymphadenitis (85%).
  • BCG-related osteomyelitis (10.2%) and disseminated BCG infection (4.9%) were also observed.
  • Of 11 disseminated BCG cases, 72.7% had primary immune deficiency (PID), including CGD and SCID.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights severe BCG complications in children with PID.
  • Suggests delaying BCG vaccination to 6 months may prevent disseminated BCG in infants with undiagnosed PID.
  • Further research is needed to support this recommendation.
Abstract

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