Diabetic keratopathy
Alexander Yeung1, Surendar Dwarakanathan1
1Cook County Health and Hospital Systems USA.
Disease-A-Month : DM
|February 8, 2021
Summary
Diabetic keratopathy affects over half of diabetics, causing eye issues like dry eyes and poor healing. Early referral to an eye doctor and stepwise treatment are crucial for managing this common diabetic complication.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Endocrinology
- Corneal Diseases
Background:
- Diabetic keratopathy is an often overlooked complication in diabetes mellitus.
- Over 50% of diabetic patients experience ocular surface changes, including tear film abnormalities and corneal epithelial issues.
- Neurotrophic keratopathy and increased surgical complications are prevalent in the diabetic population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the significance and underdiagnosis of diabetic keratopathy.
- To emphasize the variability of clinical manifestations in diabetic patients with ocular complaints.
- To outline a stepwise management approach for diabetic keratopathy.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical manifestations and common ocular surface changes in diabetic patients.
- Discussion of diagnostic considerations for diabetic keratopathy.
- Description of a stepwise treatment strategy.
Main Results:
- Diabetic keratopathy presents with diverse symptoms, necessitating professional eye care referral for diabetic patients with ocular complaints.
- Tear film changes, corneal epithelial abnormalities, and neurotrophic keratopathy are common.
- Increased risk of postoperative surgical complications is noted.
Conclusions:
- Diabetic keratopathy is a significant, frequently underdiagnosed condition.
- Prompt referral and comprehensive eye care are essential for diabetic patients.
- A stepwise treatment approach involving lubrication, infection prevention, and exposure reduction is effective.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
2.4K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
2.4K
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
1.5K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
1.5K
01:24Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
337
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
337
01:25Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
353
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
353
01:21Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation
166
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
166
01:30Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction
150
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
150