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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Cognitive Processes Underlying Verbal Fluency in Multiple Sclerosis.

Alfonso Delgado-Álvarez1, Jordi A Matias-Guiu1, Cristina Delgado-Alonso1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.

Frontiers in Neurology
|February 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Verbal fluency tasks in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are influenced by attention, memory, and language. Machine learning models using these scores can help detect cognitive deficits in MS patients.

Keywords:
cognitivefluencymachine learningmultiple sclerosisneuropsychologyprocessing speed

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Verbal fluency (VF) deficits in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have unclear underlying cognitive processes.
  • Understanding VF is clinically relevant due to its brevity and reliability in MS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cognitive processes associated with VF in MS.
  • To develop machine learning algorithms for predicting cognitive deficits using VF scores.

Main Methods:

  • Two hundred MS participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, including semantic and phonemic fluency tasks.
  • Automatic linear modeling identified predictors of VF scores.
  • Machine learning algorithms (SVM, random forest) were trained to predict cognitive deficits.

Main Results:

  • Attention-executive functioning, memory, and language significantly predicted VF scores.
  • Memory was more critical for semantic fluency and clustering; executive functioning for phonemic fluency and switching.
  • Machine learning models achieved F1-scores of 67-71% in predicting cognitive impairment and executive dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • VF in MS is modulated by attention-executive functioning, episodic memory, and language.
  • Semantic fluency and clustering relate more to memory, while phonemic fluency and switching relate more to executive functions.
  • VF tasks can serve as screening tools for cognitive deficits and executive dysfunction in MS.