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Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Vaccinations01:51

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Overview
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
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Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
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SARS-COV-2, can you be over it?

Alessandro Fiocchi1, Erika Jensen-Jarolim2,3

  • 1Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.

The World Allergy Organization Journal
|February 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection appears robust and long-lasting, with very low reinfection rates. Individuals who recovered from COVID-19 may not need immediate vaccination and could benefit from an "immunological passport" for resuming normal activities.

Keywords:
Immune passportImmunizationPediatricSARS-COV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Uncertainty exists regarding the duration of immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, impacting both natural and vaccine-induced protection.
  • Assessing the longevity of immunity is crucial for guiding public health strategies and enabling the resumption of social activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review current information on the duration of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2).
  • To draw practical conclusions regarding natural immunity, vaccine prioritization, and societal reopening.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of recently published literature on SARS-CoV-2 immunity.
  • Comparison with established knowledge of other viral infectious agents, particularly respiratory viruses.

Main Results:

  • Information on vaccine immunity duration is still limited.
  • Natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 generates robust and persistent immunity, similar to other respiratory viruses.
  • Reinfection rates are very low, with most cases attributed to errors or host factors.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection generally exhibit strong and lasting immunity.
  • Prioritizing vaccination for recovered individuals may not be necessary; an "immunological passport" could facilitate their return to normal social life.