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Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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Derationalizing Delusions.

Vaughan Bell1,2, Nichola Raihani3, Sam Wilkinson4

  • 1Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London.

Clinical Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|February 8, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delusions may stem from altered social cognition, not just irrational thinking. Understanding coalitional cognition offers new insights into delusion content and fixity.

Keywords:
beliefdelusionpsychosisschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Traditional models of delusion focus on impaired reasoning.
  • These models fail to explain the social nature and context insensitivity of delusions.
  • Existing frameworks do not account for delusions arising from adaptive social processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new cognitive model for delusions.
  • To incorporate alterations in coalitional cognition into delusion models.
  • To better explain the social themes and fixity of delusions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of existing cognitive and social psychology models.
  • Integration of research on social cognition, belief formation, and neurobiology.
  • Reconceptualization of delusion as a social cognitive phenomenon.

Main Results:

  • Delusions are better understood as arising from altered social cognition, specifically coalitional cognition.
  • This approach explains the social content and persistent nature of delusions.
  • Mesolimbic dopamine's role in delusions aligns with social organization functions.

Conclusions:

  • Models of delusion must include changes in coalitional cognition processes.
  • This shift accounts for social themes and the fixity of delusions.
  • Beliefs, including delusions, may serve a crucial social organizational function.