Coding potential of circRNAs: new discoveries and challenges

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• RNA Biology

Background:

• Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of noncoding RNAs with unique characteristics.
• While known for roles like miRNA sponges, recent evidence suggests circRNAs can be translated into proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evidence for circRNA translation, encompassing both synthetic and endogenous forms.
• To discuss the underlying mechanisms enabling circRNA translation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on circRNA translation.
• Analysis of findings on synthetic and endogenous circRNA translation capabilities.
• Synthesis of current understanding regarding circRNA translation mechanisms.

Main Results:

• CircRNAs possess the capability to be translated into functional proteins.
• Natural circRNA translation products exhibit diverse and significant functions.
• This challenges the traditional classification of circRNAs as solely non-coding.

Conclusions:

• The discovery of circRNA translation significantly expands their functional repertoire.
• This finding necessitates a re-evaluation of circRNA classification and opens new research avenues.
• Understanding circRNA translation mechanisms is crucial for future biological insights.