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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
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Encrusted Uropathy: A Comprehensive Overview-To the Bottom of the Crust.

Els Van de Perre1, Gina Reichman2, Deborah De Geyter3

  • 1Nephrology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.

Frontiers in Medicine
|February 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Encrusted uropathy, a rare inflammatory condition caused by urease-producing bacteria like Corynebacterium urealyticum, involves stone formation in the urinary tract. Early diagnosis and combined treatment of surgical removal, urinary acidification, and antibiotics are crucial for a good prognosis.

Keywords:
Corynebacterium urealyticumencrusted cystitisencrusted pyelitisencrusted uropathyurease-producing bacteria

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Encrusted uropathy is a rare inflammatory condition affecting the urinary tract.
  • It is primarily caused by urease-producing bacteria, notably Corynebacterium urealyticum.
  • The condition involves urothelial deposition of mineral encrustations and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of encrusted uropathy, including its causes, clinical presentation, and management.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and indicators for this underdiagnosed condition.
  • To emphasize the importance of prompt diagnosis and multifaceted treatment approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on encrusted uropathy.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics and etiological factors.
  • Description of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Encrusted uropathy is characterized by struvite and carbonated apatite deposition, leading to inflammation.
  • Predisposing conditions are common in affected patients.
  • High urinary pH and negative routine cultures are suggestive of the disorder.

Conclusions:

  • Encrusted uropathy requires a high index of suspicion, especially with elevated urinary pH and negative cultures.
  • Successful management involves surgical removal of encrustations, urinary acidification, and prolonged antibiotic therapy.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving patient outcomes.