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Developmental dysplasia of the hip and associated risk factors in Saudi children: A retrospective study
Alaa Ibrahim1, Eman Mortada2, Saeed Alqahtani3
1Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is more common in Saudi children with a positive family history, female gender, under 3 years old, or with other abnormalities. These factors significantly increase the risk of DDH.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Orthopedics
- Public Health
- Genetics
Background:
- Limited research exists on developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) risk factors in Saudi Arabia.
- Understanding these factors is crucial for early detection and intervention in the region.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between DDH and various risk factors in Saudi children.
- To identify key predictors for DDH in the Saudi pediatric population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of medical records for 82 children with suspected hip dislocation at King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Riyadh.
- Analysis of risk factors including age, gender, birth order, mode of delivery, presentation, prematurity, family history, and associated abnormalities.
Main Results:
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) was confirmed in 62 (75.6%) children.
- Significant associations were found between DDH and positive family history (OR=16.4), female gender (OR=3.1), age under 3 years (OR=2.6), and associated abnormalities (OR=1.9).
- Breech presentation, twinning, first-born status, prematurity, and C-section were not significantly associated with DDH.
Conclusions:
- Positive family history, female gender, young age (<3 years), and associated abnormalities are significant risk factors for DDH in Saudi children.
- These findings highlight the importance of screening for DDH in infants presenting with these risk factors.
- The study provides valuable epidemiological data on DDH in Saudi Arabia.
Background:
Studies investigating the association between developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and risk factors in Saudi Arabia are rare.
Objective:
Investigate the association between DDH and several risk factors among Saudi children.
Methods:
The medical records of 82 children born in or admitted to King Abdul Aziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with clinical suspicion of hip dislocation (HD) were included. The association between DDH and the following risk factors was investigated: age < 3 y, female-gender, twinning, first-born child, C-section, breech presentation, prematurity, positive family history and presence of associated abnormalities.
Results:
HD was confirmed in 73 (89%) children (Positive HD) and excluded in 9 (11%) children (Negative HD). Eleven (13.4%) children were excluded from the positive cases as it was confirmed that they have paralytic hip dislocation not DDH. DDH was confirmed in 62 children (75.6%). The Chi square test (χ2) and odds ratios (OR) revealed that the positive family history, female-gender, age < 3 years, and presence of associated abnormalities had significant associations with the presence of DDH with P values and OR equal 0.00 (16.4), 0.002 (3.1), 0.005 (2.6), and 0.04 (1.9) respectively. Breech presentation, twinning, first-born children, prematurity, and C-section were not associated with DDH with P values and OR equal 0.93 (1.1), 0.46 (0.4), 0.11 (0.4), 0.08 (0.3), and 0.002 (0.3) respectively.
Conclusions:
Positive family history, female-gender, age < 3 years, and presence of associated abnormalities had approximately 16, 3, 2.5, and 2 times increased risk for DDH.
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