Evolutionary changes in the predatory attack of carnivorous rodents: A comparative analysis emphasizing grasshopper...

Area of Science:

• Zoology
• Behavioral Ecology
• Evolutionary Biology

Background:

• Predatory behaviors can vary significantly between carnivorous and omnivorous species due to differing lifestyles.
• Rodents exhibit a wide range of dietary habits, from herbivory and omnivory to carnivory.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the predatory attack strategies of carnivorous grasshopper mice (Onychomys torridus and Onychomys leucogaster) with those of the omnivorous deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus).
• To identify specific differences in predatory attacks that distinguish carnivorous rodents from omnivorous ones.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on 63 carnivorous rodent species.
• Comparative analysis of predatory attack behaviors, focusing on grasshopper mice and deer mice.

Main Results:

• Carnivorous rodents demonstrate superior ability in overcoming prey's flight initiation distance.
• Key differences observed in biting capabilities, sensory modality use, prey seizure, attack proficiency, vigor, and resistance to inhibition.
• Grasshopper mice utilize aggressive attacks and presence advertisement to intimidate competitors.

Conclusions:

• The predatory attack of carnivorous rodents is distinct, characterized by specific adaptations for prey capture and competitive dominance.
• Understanding these predatory differences, particularly in overcoming prey's escape responses, provides a framework for the evolution of carnivory in mammals.