Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD): how do Western endoscopists value animal models?

Ricardo Küttner-Magalhães1,2, Pedro Pimentel-Nunes3,4,5, Miguel Araújo-Martins5

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Santo António Hospital, Porto University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal.

Summary

Western endoscopists highly value animal models for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) training. Most received pre-clinical training with ex vivo and live animal models, deeming them essential before practice.

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