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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

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High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

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The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Types Of Column Chromatography01:29

Types Of Column Chromatography

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The stability and compatibility of column material with samples are crucial for efficient purification in chromatographic techniques. Various operating parameters such as pH, temperature, or solvent affect the packing of the column material, thereby determining the purification efficiency. The choice of column material also plays an essential role in deciding the operating parameters and can be modified based on the proteins that need to be purified.
Gel Filtration Chromatography
When the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Simple In-House Ultra-High Performance Capillary Column Manufacturing with the FlashPack Approach
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Towards using high-performance liquid chromatography at home.

Jan Lankelma1, Dirck J van Iperen2, Paul J van der Sluis3

  • 1Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University Amsterdam, O|2 Lab Building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Foundation for Chromatography at home, Demonstrator Lab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|February 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study presents an affordable, simplified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system for home and small labs. The low-cost pump and electrochemical detector enable accurate analysis of biomarkers like homovanillic acid (HVA) in urine.

Keywords:
Chromatography at homelow-cost HPLClow-cost electrochemical HPLC detector, low-cost HPLC pumpquantified self

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is crucial for chemical analysis but is often expensive and complex.
  • Making HPLC accessible for home or small-scale laboratory use requires significant cost reduction of key modules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a low-cost, simplified HPLC system by modifying the pump and detector modules.
  • To demonstrate the system's capability for analyzing medically relevant compounds in biological samples.

Main Methods:

  • A manual HPLC pump was adapted from a caulk gun, achieving 100-150 bar pressure.
  • A novel electrochemical detection (ECD) system was created using a boron-doped diamond electrode and filter paper for gravity-driven eluent flow.
  • A pulse dampener was integrated to minimize pressure drops.

Main Results:

  • The developed pump and detector are over ten times cheaper than conventional HPLC modules.
  • The system successfully generated well-resolved chromatograms from direct urine injections.
  • The ECD maintained sensitivity over six months, with a linear dynamic range of two orders of magnitude and a detection limit of 3 μM for homovanillic acid (HVA).

Conclusions:

  • This simplified HPLC system offers an affordable alternative for home and small laboratory analyses.
  • The system is suitable for quantitative analysis of biomarkers like HVA in urine, with potential applications in personal health monitoring.
  • The method allows for the quantification of hydroxytyrosol (HT) metabolites in urine after dietary intake.