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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

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A Review of Analytical Methods for Codeine Determination.

Rimadani Pratiwi1, Eka Noviana2, Rizky Fauziati1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Codeine, a weaker opioid analgesic, is used in cough medicine but prone to misuse. This review critically examines analytical methods for detecting codeine, crucial for quality control and identifying misuse.

Keywords:
capillary electromigrationchromatographycodeinecolorimetrydrug analysiselectrochemistryspectrophotometry

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Codeine, an opioid analgesic derived from morphine, exhibits weaker effects than its parent compound.
  • It is frequently incorporated into over-the-counter cough remedies.
  • Psychoactive properties contribute to prevalent codeine misuse, posing public health concerns due to adverse effects like hemorrhage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review and analyze various analytical methods for codeine determination.
  • To highlight the importance of reliable detection techniques for pharmaceutical quality control.
  • To address the need for methods to identify codeine misuse in community settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on analytical techniques for codeine detection.
  • Comparative analysis of method sensitivity, specificity, and applicability.
  • Discussion of chromatographic, spectroscopic, and other relevant analytical approaches.

Main Results:

  • Various analytical techniques exist for codeine determination, including chromatography and spectroscopy.
  • Method selection depends on the application, whether for pharmaceutical analysis or forensic toxicology.
  • Challenges remain in achieving rapid, field-deployable, and highly sensitive detection methods.

Conclusions:

  • Reliable analytical methods are essential for both ensuring the quality of codeine-containing pharmaceuticals and combating drug misuse.
  • Further development of advanced analytical techniques is warranted to improve detection capabilities.
  • This review provides a critical overview to guide the selection and development of appropriate codeine analysis methods.