Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein Shows a Stepwise Increase as Fibrosis Progresses in Patients with Nonalcoholic...

Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) show dyslipidemia and a high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, conventional atherosclerotic lipids are found at low levels in NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis, in whom the risk for CHD is extremely high. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL), an emerging atherosclerotic biomarker, in patients with NAFLD. A total of 32 non-NAFLD subjects and 106 patients with NAFLD were enrolled. The fibrosis grades were stratified using non-invasive methods, including the Fibrosis-4 index and NAFLD fibrosis score. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels were significantly low in patients with advanced liver fibrosis. In contrast, oxHDL levels were high in NAFLD patients and showed a stepwise increase as fibrosis progressed. These oxHDL levels were independent of the HDL cholesterol levels, and statin use did not influence the oxHDL levels. Obese patients showed no increase in oxHDL levels, whereas patients with a low handgrip strength showed high oxHDL levels in NAFLD with advanced fibrosis. In conclusion, oxHDL is a potential biomarker for assessing the status of patients with NAFLD, including CHD and metabolic/nutritional disturbance, and particular cases with advanced liver fibrosis.