Cardiometabolic Factors in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Diseases
Miguel A Villasís-Keever1, Jessie N Zurita-Cruz2, Juana Serret-Montoya3
1Análisis y Síntesis de la Unidad de Investigación de Evidencia, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
Insights
Pediatric patients with chronic diseases (CDs) show high rates of cardiometabolic factors (CFs) like hypertriglyceridemia, even without obesity. These CFs are as common as or more common than in obese children, highlighting risks for this vulnerable group.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Pediatric chronic diseases (CDs) are rising due to improved survival rates.
- Technological advances contribute to increased survival but also potential health complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare cardiometabolic factors (CFs) in pediatric patients with CDs versus children with overweight/obesity but no CDs.
- To identify the prevalence of specific CFs in different pediatric chronic disease populations.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 619 children aged 6-17 years.
- Included 333 patients with CDs (epilepsy, chronic kidney disease, kidney transplants) and 286 controls with overweight/obesity.
- Evaluated anthropometry, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles; analyzed using Chi² tests.
Main Results:
- Patients with CDs had low obesity rates (12.4%) but high CFs.
- Hypertriglyceridemia (65%), hypoalphalipoproteinemia (49%), and hypertension (46.5%) were most common, especially in kidney disease patients.
- Hypertriglyceridemia was significantly more frequent in pediatric CD patients than in the overweight/obese control group.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric patients with CDs experience dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia at rates similar to or exceeding those in overweight/obese children.
- Comorbid overweight/obesity in CD patients further elevates the frequency of these cardiometabolic risk factors.
Background:
The prevalence of chronic diseases (CDs) in the pediatric population has increased due to technological advances that decrease mortality and increase survival.
Aim Of The Study:
To compare the frequency of cardiometabolic factors (CFs) among pediatric patients with CDs with those among children with obesity and overweight without CDs.
Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional study. Pediatric patients from 6-17 years of age were included. A total of 333 patients with CD were studied, and of these patients, 77 had difficult-to-control epilepsy, 183 had chronic kidney disease (CKD), and 73 underwent kidney transplants; in addition, a comparison group was included, consisting of 286 overweight and obese children without any other pathologies. We performed anthropometry, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, and lipid profiling on all of the patients. Statistical analysis was conducted as follows: Chi2 tests were used to compare the CFs between the groups.
Results:
We included 619 patients from 6-17 years old. Patients with CDs had a low frequency of obesity (12.4%) but a high frequency of the remaining CFs. Hypertriglyceridemia (65%), hypoalphalipoproteinemia (49%) and systemic arterial hypertension (46.5%) were the most common CFs, particularly among subjects with CKD and kidney transplantation. When comparing the frequencies of these CFs with those in the obesity/overweight group, hypertriglyceridemia (p <0.05) was more common in patients with CDs.
Conclusions:
In patients with CDs, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia occur at frequencies that are the same as or higher than those in overweight/obese children, but when the CD patients are overweight/obese, it increases their frequency.
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