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Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

Contraception across transgender.

Ilaria Mancini¹, Stefania Alvisi², Giulia Gava²

¹Gynecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. mancini.ilaria89@gmail.com.

International Journal of Impotence Research

|February 9, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gender-affirming hormonal treatments (GAHTs) can impact fertility in transgender individuals. Counseling on contraception and reproductive risks is crucial before and during GAHT to prevent unintended pregnancies.

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

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Published on: September 16, 2021

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Reproductive Health
Gender Studies

Background:

Sexual and reproductive health are vital for transgender well-being.
Gender-affirming hormonal treatments (GAHTs) aim to align physical traits with gender identity, reducing dysphoria.
While surgeries cause permanent infertility, hormonal treatments may lead to reversible fertility loss.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of contraceptive counseling for transgender individuals undergoing GAHT.
To review the known and unknown effects of GAHT on fertility and contraception in transgender men and women.
To emphasize the need for further research in this area.

Main Methods:

Literature review on the effects of GAHT on fertility and contraception in transgender populations.
Analysis of existing studies on testosterone use in transgender men and estrogen use in transgender women.
Identification of knowledge gaps regarding reproductive health in transgender individuals.

Main Results:

Testosterone therapy in transgender men can lead to amenorrhea but does not guarantee anovulation, with reported unintended pregnancies.
Current contraceptive options for transgender men have pros and cons, with limited research on their use.
The impact of GAHT on fertility in transgender women is less understood, with estrogen causing sperm suppression but unclear pregnancy protection.

Conclusions:

Transgender individuals require comprehensive counseling on contraception and potential fertility effects before and during GAHT.
Testosterone therapy is not a reliable contraceptive method for transgender men.
More research is urgently needed to inform effective contraceptive strategies for transgender populations undergoing GAHT.