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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence
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Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Published on: October 25, 2011

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BRAF Heterogeneity in Melanoma.

Takamichi Ito1, Yuka Tanaka2, Maho Murata2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. takamiti@dermatol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.

Current Treatment Options in Oncology
|February 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Melanoma BRAF mutational heterogeneity, affecting up to 10% of patients between tumors and 15% within tumors, necessitates multiple biopsies. This ensures accurate assessment for targeted BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy.

Keywords:
Acral melanomaBRAFImmunohistochemistryMEKNext-generation sequencingTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Accurate BRAF mutation detection is crucial for melanoma targeted therapy.
  • BRAF mutational heterogeneity, both intertumor and intratumor, is increasingly recognized in melanoma.
  • BRAF mutations act as driver mutations, typically occurring early in melanoma development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize published findings on BRAF mutational heterogeneity in melanoma.
  • To highlight the implications of BRAF heterogeneity for clinical decision-making regarding targeted therapies.
  • To underscore the need for further research into the impact of BRAF heterogeneity on treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of published reports on BRAF mutational status in melanoma.
  • Analysis of data regarding intertumor and intratumor BRAF heterogeneity.
  • Comparison of reported prevalence rates of BRAF heterogeneity across studies.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 10% of melanoma patients exhibit intertumorally discordant BRAF status.
  • Around 15% of BRAF-mutated melanomas display intratumor BRAF heterogeneity.
  • Reported rates of BRAF heterogeneity vary significantly based on study methodology.

Conclusions:

  • A single biopsy may be insufficient to determine a patient's complete BRAF mutation status.
  • Multiple biopsies from different tumor sites are recommended for assessing eligibility for BRAF/MEK inhibitors.
  • The clinical significance of BRAF heterogeneity on patient survival and treatment response warrants further investigation.