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Complication of Hepatitis A Infection: Case Report of Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

Daniel Laursen1, Jeffrey Krug1, Robert Wolford1

  • 1University of Illinois College of Medicine - Peoria, Department of Emergency Medicine, Peoria, Illinois. OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Peoria, Illinois.

Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine
|February 9, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), a Guillain-Barré syndrome subtype, rarely follows acute hepatitis A. This case highlights a potential neurological complication of viral hepatitis A, emphasizing the need for awareness among clinicians.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) presents with progressive weakness and sensory symptoms.
  • AIDP commonly follows infections but is rarely linked to acute viral hepatitis.
  • Guillain-Barré syndrome is a significant neurological disorder affecting peripheral nerves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of AIDP following acute hepatitis A.
  • To increase awareness of potential neurological complications associated with hepatitis A.
  • To contribute to the limited literature on AIDP post-hepatitis A.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 59-year-old male with acute neurological symptoms.
  • Diagnostic procedures included cerebrospinal fluid analysis and MRI.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid showed albuminocytologic dissociation, and MRI revealed nerve root enhancement.

Main Results:

  • The patient was diagnosed with AIDP.
  • Neurological symptoms developed after hospitalization for acute hepatitis A.
  • Findings were consistent with demyelination and nerve inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • AIDP is the most common Guillain-Barré syndrome subtype in the US and Europe.
  • This case adds to the scarce evidence of AIDP occurring after hepatitis A.
  • Hepatitis A should be considered as a potential trigger for AIDP.

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