Temperature and Concentration Dependence of Human Whole Blood and Protein Drying Droplets

The drying of bio-colloidal droplets can be used in many medical and forensic applications. The whole human blood is the most complex bio-colloid system, whereas bovine serum albumin (BSA) is the simplest. This paper focuses on the drying characteristics and the final morphology of these two bio-colloids. The experiments were conducted by varying their initial concentrations, and the solutions were dried under various controlled substrate temperatures using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The droplet parameters (the contact angle, the fluid front, and the first-order image statistics) reveal the drying process's unique features. Interestingly, both BSA and blood drying droplets' contact angle measurements show evidence of a concentration-driven transition as the behavior changes from non-monotonic to monotonic decrease. This result indicates that this transition behavior is not limited to multi-component bio-colloid (blood) only, but may be a phenomenon of a bio-colloidal solution containing a large number of interacting components. The high dilution of blood behaves like the BSA solution. The ring-like deposition, the crack morphology, and the microstructures suggest that the components have enough time to segregate and deposit onto the substrate under ambient conditions. However, there is insufficient time for evaporative-driven segregation to occur at elevated temperatures, as expected.