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Pre-pandemic cognitive function and COVID-19 mortality: prospective cohort study.

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Poorer cognitive function before the pandemic, specifically slower reaction times and lower verbal-numeric reasoning, was linked to an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality. These findings highlight cognition as a potential factor in COVID-19 outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous research indicates a link between impaired cognitive function and higher mortality risk from respiratory infections.
  • The relationship between pre-pandemic cognitive measures and COVID-19 mortality remained unexplored.

Approach:

  • Utilized UK Biobank data from ~500,000 participants (aged 40-69) with pre-pandemic cognitive assessments (reaction time and verbal-numeric reasoning).
  • Linked cognitive data with national registry data to ascertain COVID-19 mortality.
  • Employed survival analyses, adjusting for various demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, comorbidity, and physiological factors.

Key Points:

  • Slower reaction time (1 SD slower) was associated with an 18% increased rate of COVID-19 death (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.28).
  • Lower verbal-numeric reasoning (1 SD lower) was linked to a 32% increased risk of COVID-19 death (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.59).
  • These associations persisted, albeit with some attenuation, after controlling for multiple covariates.

Conclusions:

  • Poorer pre-pandemic cognitive function, including reaction time and verbal-numeric reasoning, is associated with increased COVID-19 mortality.
  • Cognitive performance may represent a significant, previously unrecognized risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes.