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Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
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Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
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Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
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Personalized medicine in lipid-modifying therapy.

Brian Tomlinson1, Chen-Hsiu Lin2, Paul Chan2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau 999078, PR China.

Personalized Medicine
|February 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Lipid-modifying treatments like statins are standard for lowering low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Emerging RNA therapeutics offer new ways to manage cholesterol and improve treatment adherence.

Keywords:
cardiovascular riskezetimibefibrateslipoprotein(a)low-density-lipoprotein cholesterolomega-3 fatty acidsproprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitorssmall-interfering RNAstatinstriglycerides

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Lipid Metabolism

Background:

  • Lipid-modifying treatment selection depends on cardiovascular risk and lipid profile.
  • Statins are first-line for lowering low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).
  • Additional therapies like ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, fibrates, or omega-3 fatty acids are used based on specific lipid targets and levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current lipid-modifying treatments.
  • To discuss emerging RNA-targeted therapeutics for lipid management.
  • To highlight potential improvements in treatment adherence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of lipid-modifying therapies.
  • Discussion of established and novel pharmacological approaches.
  • Analysis of factors influencing treatment choice and adherence.

Main Results:

  • Statins are primary for LDL-C reduction, with adjuncts for specific targets.
  • Adverse effects of statins can be predicted by genetic and phenotypic factors.
  • RNA-targeted therapeutics show promise for selective lipoprotein management and improved adherence.

Conclusions:

  • Current lipid management involves a stepwise approach based on risk and lipid profile.
  • Novel RNA therapeutics offer targeted approaches for conditions like elevated lipoprotein(a).
  • Future therapies aim to enhance efficacy and address challenges like patient adherence.