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Three-Dimensional Nanoparticle Transformations Captured by an Electron Microscope.

Wiebke Albrecht1, Sandra Van Aert1, Sara Bals1

  • 1EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|February 10, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional (3D) electron microscopy techniques enable tracking nanoparticle (NP) transformations at the atomic scale. These methods reveal how NP shape and composition change under various conditions, crucial for material stability and performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanoparticle (NP) properties are dictated by their 3D morphology and composition.
  • NPs are dynamic, with surface diffusion causing rapid reshaping in response to environmental changes (temperature, light, chemicals).
  • Understanding these transformations is vital for predicting NP stability and performance in practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in measuring 3D nanoparticle transformations within an electron microscope.
  • To highlight the combination of 3D techniques with *in situ* environmental control for quantifying diffusion dynamics.
  • To demonstrate the application of these methods for understanding NP behavior under various stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing *in situ* transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for real-time visualization of NP changes at the atomic scale.
  • Employing electron tomography and atom counting techniques to reconstruct 3D NP structures from projection images.
  • Combining these 3D methods with specialized TEM holders for controlled introduction of heat, gas, or liquid environments.
  • Assessing *ex situ* laser-induced NP transformations using electron tomography.

Main Results:

  • Electron tomography allows tracking of surface and elemental diffusion in monometallic and bimetallic NPs, correlating with plasmonic property changes.
  • Atom counting monitors the evolution of crystalline facets in metal NPs under gas and heat treatments, impacting catalytic properties.
  • 3D electron microscopy successfully detects atomic-resolution structural changes induced by external laser excitation.
  • The methodologies are applicable beyond metal NPs to diverse nanomaterials.

Conclusions:

  • 3D *in situ* electron microscopy provides unprecedented insights into nanoparticle dynamics and transformations.
  • These techniques are essential for understanding and engineering NP stability, performance, and functionality.
  • Future research can leverage these 3D methods to explore transformations in a wide range of nanomaterials.