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Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
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Social Identity01:29

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Social identity constitutes a significant aspect of an individual’s self-concept, shaped by membership in various social groups, including gender, nationality, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and political affiliation. Individuals associate specific traits with particular social groups, leading to internalization of these traits. For example, musicians are often perceived as creative, while women are frequently associated with nurturing tendencies. Once individuals identify with a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
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Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

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Does self-construal shape automatic social attention?

Ronda F Lo1, Andy H Ng2, Adam S Cohen3

  • 1Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Plos One
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Summary

Activating interdependent self-construal influences attention shifting in East Asian Canadians, making them more distracted by group gaze cues. European Canadians showed no such effects, suggesting cultural relevance is key.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Cross-Cultural Psychology

Background:

  • Self-construal, the concept of the self, varies across cultures.
  • Independent self-construal emphasizes uniqueness and autonomy.
  • Interdependent self-construal emphasizes connectedness and social roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how activating independent or interdependent self-construal affects attention shifting in response to group gaze cues.
  • To examine cultural differences in the modulation of social attention by self-construal.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (European Canadians and East Asian Canadians) were primed with either independence or interdependence.
  • A multi-gaze cueing task was used, involving a central face with gaze direction and surrounding background faces.
  • Attention shifting was measured by response to matched and mismatched background gaze cues relative to the central face.

Main Results:

  • European Canadians were generally unaffected by self-construal primes and largely ignored background gaze cues.
  • East Asian Canadians primed with interdependence showed increased distraction by mismatched background gaze cues compared to matched cues.
  • East Asian Canadians primed with independence did not show significant changes in attention patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Activating an interdependent self-construal modulates social attention mechanisms, promoting broader attention.
  • This modulation appears to be dependent on the cultural relevance of self-construal representations.
  • Findings highlight the interplay between cultural background, self-construal, and social attention.