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Assessment of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Senescence and Endothelial Dysfunction among Adults with High
Vijay Raj1, Soniya Charles2, Luxitaa Goenka3
1SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre - Medical Research, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu - Índia.
Insights
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) senescence and endothelial biomarkers can predict cardiovascular risk in adults. These markers, including PBMC senescence and nitrite/nitrate levels, show promise for early cardiovascular disease detection.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Aging Research
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading global cause of death and illness.
- Biological aging is linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but mechanisms are unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess if peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) senescence and endothelial biomarkers predict cardiovascular (CV) risk.
- To determine their suitability for early CV disease detection in adults.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of adults without CVD, categorized by Interheart Risk (IHR) scores.
- PBMC senescence assessed via telomerase activity (TA) and senescent cell presence.
- Endothelial dysfunction evaluated by nitrite/nitrate concentration and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).
Main Results:
- PBMC senescence significantly predicted higher IHR scores (cut-off 21.65, 92% sensitivity, 88% specificity).
- PBMC senescence, nitrite/nitrate levels, and TA were independently associated with high IHR scores.
Conclusions:
- PBMC senescence, TA, and nitrite/nitrate levels are suitable for predicting high cardiovascular risk in adults.
- Further long-term studies are required to validate these findings.
Background:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Biological aging has been associated with the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes; however, the underlying mechanism of this process remains unknown.
Objectives:
This study sought to evaluate if peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) senescence and endothelial biomarkers could influence cardiovascular (CV) risk and be suitable markers for the early detection of cardiovascular diseases in adults.
Methods:
In this cross-sectional study patients free of CVD were classified as lower (n=32) and higher Interheart Risk (IHR) scores (n=28). PBMC senescence was assessed by estimating the telomerase activity (TA) and detecting the presence of senescent cells and endothelial dysfunction by estimating the concentration of nitrite and nitrate and of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). All p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results:
PBMC senescence 0.95 [p-value = 0.0001; 95% CI (0.874-1.026)] was a significant predictor of patients with higher IHR scores with a cut-off value of 21.65 with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 88% respectively. PBMC senescence, nitrite and nitrate and TA were found to be independently associated with high IHR scores.
Conclusion:
PBMC senescence, TA and nitrite, and nitrate status are suitable measures to predict high cardiovascular risk in adults with CV risk. Nevertheless, long-term follow-up studies are needed to confirm these findings. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):37-47).
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